Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Market: Global Industry Size, Share, Growth, Forecast 2016 - 2023
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industry research report on: Global Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
Market | Industry Size, Share, Research, Reviews, Analysis,
Strategies, Demand, Growth, Segmentation, Parameters, Forecasts
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
Market: Overview
Tropical spastic paraparesis
(TSP) also called as HTLV-1–associated myelopathy (HAM) is a type
of tropical myeloneuropathies caused by the human T-lymphotrophic
virus 1 (HTLV-1). Although initially described in tropical countries,
TSP has also been found in temperate regions such as southern Japan.
HTLV-1 virus belongs to the Retroviridae family, and preferentially
infects CD4 lymphoid cells. The virus has been known to cause certain
kinds of leukemia and lymphoma and is transmitted through exposure to
infected blood, sexual contact, and use of illegal intravenous drugs.
As the virus is also known to spread through breast milk, mothers
infected with HTLV-1 virus must avoid breast feeding.
According to an article
published in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology in 2012, the
HTLV-1 virus is prevalent in certain regions including the
Southwestern part of Japan, sub-Saharan Africa and South America, the
Caribbean area, and certain areas of Middle East and
Australo-Melanesia. The study also estimates that 5 million to 10
million individuals have been affected globally with HTLV1 virus,
however various other publications estimate the global prevalence of
10 million to 20 million.
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HTLV-1-associated
myelopathy mostly affects the spinal cord, and results in an upper
motor neurone syndrome, that usually affects lower limbs. Spastic
paraparesis or paraplegia is the main characteristic of the
infection. Tropical spastic paraparesis results in demyelination,
inflammation and necrotic lesions in spinal cord. The progressive
disease is associated with degeneration of neurons in the spinal
cord, and results in gradual paralysis of the lower limbs. Other rare
symptoms include optic atrophy, reduced ankle reflex and cranial
nerve lesions. An article published in journal Revue Neurologique in
2012, more than 90% of the tropical spastic paraparesis cases, the
neurological features involved urinary bladder disturbance,
spasticity and/or hyperreflexia of the lower extremities, and lower
extremity muscle weakness.
Tropical
Spastic Paraparesis Market: Product and Treatment Landscape
Various
immunoassay kits are available for diagnosis of HTLV-1 virus.
Companies manufacturing such diagnostic kits include MP Biomedicals
LLC, Fujirebio, Inc., Quest Diagnostics, DiaSorin S.p.A. Although the
disease cannot be cured completely, medications are available for
management of symptoms. Corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone
are prescribed to decrease the inflammation of the spinal cord, while
pain is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.
Symptoms
of urinary dysfunction can be treated by prescribing darifenacin,
oxybutynin, tamsulosin, terazosin, and other drugs which reduce the
activity of bladder muscles. National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is currently conducting phase I clinical
trials for Hu MiK-Beta-1. The investigational drug is monoclonal
antibody directed toward IL-2/IL-15R-Beta Subunit which blocks IL-15
action. Washington University School of Medicine in association with
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. is also conducting phase II trials for
Raltegravir. Various other institutes are also conducting research
programs for discovering new and effective treatment options for
Tropical spastic paraparesis. Scientists have also tried
antiretroviral agents for treatment of HTLV-1 infections. Gradual
progress in the research activities is expected to launch more
treatment drugs and expand the market in the future.
Due
to low and restricted geographical prevalence of the disease, the
market for tropical spastic paraparesis is small. Government
initiative for increasing awareness of the disease and its available
treatment may curb the spread of infections. Lack of sufficient
information on geographical prevalence, and epidemiology has
restricted the research activities. These factors will also be
responsible for a slower global market growth.
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